CAUSATIVE VERB

Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu hal itu dikerjakan oleh seseorang atau disuruh orang lain. baik dengan bayaran. permintaan atau dengan paksaan. Causative verb dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu active causative dan passive causative.

Verb	Fungsi	Rumus Active & Passive Causative
Let	membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.	Active: S+let+agent+action verb(bare infinitive)
Make	memaksa atau sangat menyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu.	Active: S+(make-made)+agent+action verb(bare infinitive)+…
Have	memberikan wewenang kepada seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu; ingin sesuatu dilakukan oleh seseorang; pengalaman.	Active: S+(have-had)+agent+action verb(bare infinitive)+object
		Passive: S+(have-had)+object+action verb(V-3)
Get	membujuk seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu.	Active: S+(get-got)+agent+action verb(to infinitive)+…
		Passive: S+(got)+object+action verb(V-3)

Contoh active dan passive causative verb.

Rumus	Verbs	Contoh Causative Verbs
Active Causative Verbs	have-had	Lala had her friend take her result test.
		The student had the teacher speak slowly.
	get-got	She got her parents to buy her a tennis racket.
		The boy got his cat to chase a mouse.
	make-made	The woman made her daughter eat up the tomatoes.
		The manager makes her staff work hard.
	let	My father lets me hoose my own future carrier.
		The shepherd lets his sheep graze in the meadow.
Passive Causative Verbs	have-had	I had my house renovated last week.
		He had his book returned as soon as possible.
	get-got	Teddy got the money saved in the bank.
		Yulia got her bedroom cleaned

TAKS 2

ACTIVE CAUSATIVE VERB



Rumus
S + have/ make + complement(person) + Verbal simple form.


Examples.

• Mr. Ervin have the student finish their work on time.
  
• The peopple made the president resign.
  
• I have Ita clean the room
  
• ita had sherly wash the car yesterday
  
• we must have izza repaire this watch
  

Rumus
S + get + Complement (person) +verbal to infinitive

examples

• I will get Anis to wash My car
  
• our teacher is getting us to clean the classroom
  
• laila got her friend to help finish he homework.
  
• Laily gets her dog to bring newspaper
  
• islam gets the moslem community to love and live
  peacefully with other.

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE VERB
Rumus
S + have + object (noun) + verbal past participle
example

• our teacher has the homework done
  
• she wiil have the room cleaned
  
• we must have the work fininshed on time
  
• ika had the watch repaired
  
• sulis was having her hair cut when indri called
  

S + get + object + verbal past participle
examples

• Anis got her paper typed by her friend
  
• she gets the water boiled
  
• ita is getting his car repaired this week
  
• mother wiil get the flowers wantered  

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct and Indirect Speech, yang juga kita kenal dengan istilah lain yaitu Reported Speech.
 Direct Speect adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara
dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutip.
 Sedangkan Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara tidak langsung dan
tanpa diberi koma.
Contoh:
Reporting verb: Tono says,
Reported words ”I’m very good at English” Tense yang harus kita perhatikan dalam pola ini yaitu:
Direct Speech:
Simple Present Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense
Future Continouos Tense
Conditional
Indirect Speech:Simple Past Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Future Tense/Conditional
Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous)
Conditional
Kalau reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan,
present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai,
melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanya,
Contoh :
He said, “The sun rises in the east” → He said that the sun rises in the east.
PERUBAHAN ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN:
Direct  :                                               Indirect :
Now                                        →        Then
Today                                      →        That day
Tonight                                    →        That night
This week                                →        That week
Yesterday                                →        The day before
The day before yesterday       →        Two days before
Last night                                →        The night before
Last week/year                        →        The previous week/year
A year ago                               →        A year before/The previous year
Three years ago                       →        Three years before
Tomorrow                               →        The next day/The following day
The day after tomorrow          →        In two day’s time/The following day
Next week/year                       →        The following week/year
On Sunday                              →        On Sunday
Here                                        →        There
This book                                →        The book
This                                         →        That
These                                       →        Those
Over there                               →        Over there
*etc.
PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN AUXILIARIES (KATA BANTU) YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN:
Can      →        Could
May     →        Might
Might  →        Might
Must    →        Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa)
*etc.
Contoh:
The man said, “I must mend the wall next week”
The man said that he would have to mend the wall the following week.
Pria itu mengatakan bahwa dia harus memperbaiki dinding minggu berikutnya.
The girl said, ” I must wash my hands before eating”
The girl said that she had to wash her hands before eating.
Gadis itu berkata bahwa dia harus mencuci tangannya sebelum makan.
*etc.
Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:
1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that”
He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
He said that they would go to Singapore the next day.
Bob said, ” I’m a university student”
Bob said that he was a university student.

2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” 
sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif.
He told me, “wait for me !”
He told me to wait for him.
She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
She told me not to cheat anymore.

3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, 
maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.
Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.
Mixed type:
Contoh:
Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale”
Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale.
Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan.

EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH :

1.      D : She says to her friend, “ I have been reading “

I : She says to her friend that he has been reading

2.      D : He will say, “ The girl wasn’t ugly “

I : He will tell them that the girl wasn’t ugly

3.      D : Reza said, “ I’m very sleepy “

I : Reza said that he was very sleepy

4.      D : He has told you, “ I am writing “

I : He has told you that he is writing

5.      D : Mother said to her son, “ study hard “

I : Mothe advised her son to study hard

6.      D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “

I : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football

7.      D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus

I : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning

8.      D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “

I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies

9.      D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “

I : Mother asked her not to go there alone

10.  D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “

I : Father asked robi not to smoke too much

Referensi:

Jack, Saharuddin Hasan. 2003. The Easiest Way of Comprehending English Grammar. Jakarta : Batavia Press
Djauhari, Imam D. 1996. Mastery on English Grammar. Surabaya : Indah Surabaya
http://irena040506.wordpress.com/2010/05/21/direct-and-indirect-speech/
 http://wantosakti.wordpress.com/category/ug-softskill/

TAKS 1

Examples of   Declarative.

1.      You are the students of Smp Bina Ilmu.

2.      Our parents love us very much.

3.      The teacher teaches us to be honest.

4.      I take a piece of chalk in the box

5.      My house is in the town

6.      The hat is Dita’s

7.      She wrote the principal a letter

8.      Ema bougth her bag at wijaya’s

9.      I borrowed lets of books at Gajah Mada’s

10.  I don’t meet anybody in the classroom

11.  Someone is waiting for you in the font door

12.  I always study English all day.

13.  My sister ussually wake me up every morning.

Yes/No Question.

1.      Would you come dinner tommorow evening?

2.      Would you take me to the bus terminal?

3.      Would you mind helping me?

4.      Are you tired?

5.      Are you happy?

6.      Do you like reading novel?

7.      Would you like to go with me?

8.      Would you become my lover

9.      Would you wake me up at four o’clock, please?

10.  Would you care a glass of milk?

11.  Did hasan tell you everything?

12.  Do you go to school everyday?

Imparative

1.      Be relax!

2.      Be honest!

3.      Be quite!

4.      You must study harder!

5.      Open the door please!

6.      Put your book on the table!

7.      You must obey your parents!

8.      Ita must go today!

9.      Go to the doctor!

10.  Study hard!

11.  Sweep the floor!

12.  Come here!

5W and 1H

1.      When did you come?

2.      How long will you be here?

3.      Where didi you go yesterday?

4.      How often do you visit libary?

5.      Why did he leave?

6.      What didi you do?

7.      How many books do you have?

8.      How dose he do it until finish?

9.      Where have you been?

10.  When do you return my dictionary?